最近,我女儿在足球比赛中被人踢到头部。当时似乎没问题,但稍后她的额头上出现一个颇大的肿包。是这是否需要引起注意?
回答 John Atkinson, M.D.
大概不能。父母常担心因游戏或体育运动所致的头部创伤,但头部碰撞实际上很少导致严重损伤。
额头和头皮分布着大量血管,损伤这些区域经常导致皮下出血。如果出血局限于一个区域内,会引起淤血和肿胀(血肿)。
请注意,即使轻微的头部冲撞也可能引起严重肿胀。当事人(发育成熟的青少年对比幼儿)的速度、冲力和体量以及撞击的力量(例如与水泥地面或其他坚硬表面的冲击力)都有可能增加严重受伤的可能性。
何时就医
美国儿科学会建议,如果孩子头部除了受到轻微碰撞外还有其他损伤,应联系医疗服务提供者。
如果孩子没有严重头部受伤的迹象,且意识清醒、能够正常活动并可对您作出回应,则损伤可能为轻度,通常无需进一步检查。
有时,头部撞击可能严重到足以在脑内或周围引起出血。这种出血可能引起颅内血肿,这是一种压迫脑的严重状况。
如头部受伤严重且有持续症状,即使不需要急救护理,也请在受伤后 1 至 2 天内就医。
如果孩子出现以下情况,请寻求急救医疗护理:
如果孩子在头部受伤后出现以下体征或症状,可能意味着出现了脑震荡,请寻求急救护理:
- 头痛持续或加重
- 失去平衡
- 呕吐
- 鼻或耳中有血液或透明液体流出
- 记忆丧失或意识模糊
- 情绪变化,例如易激惹
Dec. 15, 2022
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