Clinical Trials

Inclusion Criteria: 

• Age > 18 years old.
• No prior experience with the CUFF device.
• History of elbow disarticulation, transradial, or transhumeral limb loss (non-control subjects only).

Exclusion Criteria: 

• Amputation for less than 6 months.
• Clinical history of brachial plexopathy, cervical radiculopathy or polyneuropathy.
• Orthopedic, joint degeneration (i.e., arthritis, verified by x-ray) affecting the hand or cervical spine that severely limit upper limb function.
• Visual problems that would interfere with the grasp task.
• Co-existing central nervous system disease with symptoms that limit upper extremity function (e.g., multiple sclerosis, motor neuron disease, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson’s disease, dystonia) revealed in medical history.
• Significant rigidity as assessed through range of motion testing.
• Active psychiatric illness.
• Significant cognitive impairments (a score < 24 on the Mini-Mental State Examination; non-control subjects only).
• Use of medications that might affect sensory and/or motor functions.
• Inability to effectively control myoelectrics for study purposes (control subjects only).