Ensayos clínicos

Inclusion Criteria:

Healthy Adults

• ≥18 years of age with no history of cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, neurologic, orthopaedic, or other diseases affecting the neuromuscular system.
• Additional inclusion criteria include:
  • BMI ≤35 kg/m2 
  • Current non-smokers with smoking history <15 pack years 
  • Those who are able to engage in exercise (i.e., without orthopedic limitations or musculoskeletal disorders).

Heart Failure Patients

• >21 yrs will have no history of dangerous arrhythmia’s 
• Not be pacemaker dependent 
• Have a body mass index ≤40 kg/m2 
• Currently be non-smokers with <15 pack year history  
• Able to exercise (i.e. without orthopedic limitations or musculoskeletal disorders)
• Although heart failure medications may influence multiple physiologic systems, we feel it is important, practical, and safe to study these patients under conditions of optimal care. Concurrent withdrawal of ACE-inhibitor, beta-blocker, digoxin, and/or diuretic therapies would likely be associated with moderate decompensation in a high proportion of patients. Accordingly, the impact of our studies will be generalizable to HF patients receiving standard optimized pharmacologic therapy, consistent with the general community. All patients will be managed by their primary care physician or cardiologist with additional review by Dr. Borlaug (Co-Investigator) prior to enrollment to ensure inclusion and exclusion criteria have been satisfied and participation in exercise testing is safe.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Female participants who are pregnant or breast feeding
• Individuals with a history of cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, neurologic, orthopaedic, or other diseases affecting the neuromuscular system
• No history of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, or significant family history (myocardial infarction or sudden death before the age of 55 in father or male first-degree relative or before the age of 65 in mother or female first-degree relative)
• Additional exclusion criteria include:
  • BMI >35 kg/m2 
  • Current smokers with smoking history ≥15 pack years 
  • Those who are not able to engage in exercise (e.g., known orthopedic limitations or musculoskeletal disorders)