Ensayos clínicos

Inclusion Criteria:

A subject will be eligible for inclusion in this study only if all of the following criteria are met:

1. Female subjects, age ≥ 18 years at the time informed consent is signed
2. Pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the breast
3. Pathologically confirmed as triple negative, source documented, defined as both of the following
   1. Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PgR) negative: < 1% of tumor cell nuclei are immunoreactive in the presence of evidence that the sample can express ER or PgR (positive intrinsic controls)
   2. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) negative as per American Society of Clinical Oncology - College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) guidelines i. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) 0 or 1 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) negative (or equivalent negative test). Subjects with IHC 2 must have a negative by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH),, (or equivalent negative test).
4. Subjects with prior breast cancer history of different phenotypes (ie, ER/PgR/HER2 positive) must have pathologic confirmation of triple negative disease in at least one of the current sites of metastasis
5. Subjects must have received prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant anthracycline therapy; unless (a) anthracycline treatment was not indicated or was not the best treatment option for the subject in the opinion of the treating physician; and (b) anthracycline treatment remains not indicated or, in the opinion of the treating physician, is not the best treatment option for the subject's metastatic disease.
   1. Newly diagnosed subjects presenting with TNMBC are eligible for the study if anthracycline treatment is not indicated or is not the best treatment option for the subject in the opinion of the treating physician.
6. Subjects with measurable metastatic disease, defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) guidelines
7. Life expectancy ≥ 16 weeks from randomization
8. No prior cytotoxic chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. Prior immunotherapy and/or monoclonal antibody therapy are acceptable. Prior treatments must have been discontinued at least 30 days prior to start of study treatment and all related toxicities must have resolved to Grade 1 or less.
9. Prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, if given, must have been completed at least 6 months before randomization with all related toxicities resolved, and documented evidence of disease progression per RECIST 1.1 guidelines is required.
   1. If prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy contained taxane, gemcitabine, or platinum agents, the treatment must have completed at least 12 months before randomization
10. Prior radiotherapy must have completed before randomization, with full recovery from acute radiation side effects. At least one measurable lesion must be completely outside the radiation portal or there must be unequivocal radiologic or clinical exam proof of progressive disease within the radiation portal, in accordance with RECIST 1.1 guidelines
11. At least 30 days from major surgery before randomization, with full recovery
12. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1
13. Subject has the following blood counts at screening:
    • Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) ≥ 1500/mm^2 ;
    • Platelets ≥ 100,000/mm^2 ;
    • Hemoglobin (Hgb) ≥ 9 g/dL
14. Subject has the following blood chemistry levels at screening:
    • Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT ) Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) ≤ 2.5 x upper limit of normal range (ULN); if hepatic metastases present ≤ 5.0 x ULN
    • Total serum bilirubin ≤ ULN; or total bilirubin ≤ 3.0 × ULN with direct bilirubin within normal range in subjects with documented Gilbert's Syndrome
    • Creatinine clearance > 60 mL/min (by Cockcroft-Gault)
15. Females of child-bearing potential [defined as a sexually mature women who (1) have not undergone hysterectomy (the surgical removal of the uterus) or bilateral oophorectomy (the surgical removal of both ovaries) or (2) have not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time during the preceding 24 consecutive months)] must:
    • Demonstrate a negative serum pregnancy test result at screening (performed by central lab) confirmed by local negative urine pregnancy dipstick within 72 hours prior to the first dose of IP); pregnancy test with sensitivity of at least 25 mIU/mL; and
    • Either commit to true abstinence* from heterosexual contact (which must be reviewed on a monthly basis) or agree to use, and be able to comply with, two physician approved effective contraception methods (oral, injectable, or implantable hormonal contraceptive; tubal ligation; intra-uterine device; barrier contraceptive with spermicide; or vasectomized partner) without interruption for 28 days or longer as required by local guidelines, prior to starting study drug, during the study therapy (including dose interruptions), and for 28 days after discontinuation of the study or longer as required by local guidelines
16. Females must abstain from breastfeeding starting at randomization, during study participation and for 28 days or longer as required by local guidelines, after IP discontinuation
17. Understand and voluntarily sign an informed consent document prior to any study related assessments/procedures are conducted
18. Able to adhere to the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements

Exclusion Criteria:

A subject will not be eligible for inclusion in this study if any of the following criteria apply:

1. Male subjects
2. Concurrent chemotherapy or any other anti tumor therapy for breast cancer. Prior immunotherapy & monoclonal antibody therapy are acceptable.
3. Subjects who received prior cytotoxic chemotherapy after incomplete resection of locoregional recurrent disease
4. History of, or known current evidence of brain metastasis, including leptomeningeal involvement.
5. Subjects with bone as the only site of metastatic disease
6. Subjects with regional lymph node as the only site of metastatic disease
7. Serious intercurrent medical or psychiatric illness, including serious active infection
8. History of class II-IV congestive heart failure or myocardial infarction within 6 months of randomization
9. History of other primary malignancy in the last 5 years prior to randomization. Subjects with prior breast cancer history are eligible, however, the most recently obtained biopsy must demonstrate triple negative disease (source documented). Subjects with prior history of in situ cancer or basal or localized squamous cell skin cancer are eligible.
10. Subjects with a history of interstitial lung disease, history of slowly progressive dyspnea and unproductive cough, sarcoidosis, silicosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypersensitivity pneumonitis or multiple uncontrolled or unstable allergies which, in the opinion of the investigator, may lead to serious complications
11. Peripheral neuropathy Grade ≥ 2 by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) v4.0
12. Subjects who have received an investigational product within the previous 4 weeks prior to randomization
13. Subject is currently enrolled, or will enroll in a different clinical study in which investigational therapeutic procedures are performed or investigational therapies are administered while participating in this study
14. Pregnant or nursing women
15. Subjects with prior hypersensitivity to nab-paclitaxel, gemcitabine, carboplatin or any other platin, or nucleoside analogue agents
16. Any significant medical condition, laboratory abnormality, or psychiatric illness that would prevent the subject from participating in the study
17. Any condition including the presence of laboratory abnormalities, which places the subject at unacceptable risk if she were to participate in the study
18. Any condition that confounds the ability to interpret data from the study
19. History of seropositive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
20. Subjects who are receiving immunosuppressive or myelosuppressive medications that would, in the opinion of the investigator, increase the risk of serious neutropenic complications