异常阴道出血可能是生殖系统问题的症状。这称为妇科疾病。或者它可能是由于其他医疗问题或药物所致。
如果您处于绝经期并发现阴道出血,请去看医生或其他医疗护理专业人员。它可能会令人担忧。绝经期通常定义为大约 12 个月没有月经。
您可能听说过这种类型的阴道出血,也称为异常阴道出血。可能引起异常阴道出血的原因包括:
癌症和癌前状况
- 宫颈癌
- 子宫内膜癌 (子宫癌症)
- 子宫内膜增生症
- 卵巢癌
- 子宫肉瘤
- 阴道癌
内分泌系统因素
- 甲亢(甲状腺功能亢进)
- 甲状腺功能减退症(甲状腺机能低下)
- 多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)
- 停用或更换避孕药
- 撤退性出血,绝经期激素治疗的副作用
生育能力和生殖因素
- 异位妊娠
- 激素水平波动
- 流产 (即在怀孕第 20 周前妊娠丢失)
- 围绝经期
- 怀孕
- 随机排卵周期
- 性交
- 阴道萎缩 也称为绝经期泌尿生殖综合征
感染
- 宫颈炎
- 沙眼衣原体
- 子宫内膜炎
- 淋病
- 疱疹
- 盆腔炎性疾病(PID)
- 脲原体阴道炎
- 阴道炎
医疗状况
- 乳糜泻
- 肥胖症
- 重度全身性疾病,如肾脏病或肝病
- 血小板减少症
- 血管性血友病 (以及其他的凝血障碍)
药物和器械
- 避孕药。
- 卫生棉条遗忘(滞留)
- 宫内节育器 (IUD)
- 他莫昔芬(Soltamox)
- 撤退性出血,绝经期激素治疗的副作用
非癌性生长物和其他子宫状况
- 子宫腺肌病
- 宫颈息肉
- 子宫内膜息肉
- 子宫肌瘤
- 子宫息肉
创伤
- 阴道或宫颈钝伤或穿透性损伤
- 既往产科或妇科手术。这包括剖腹产。
- 性虐待
下面列出了与该症状有关的常见病因。请与您的医生或其他医疗中心的专家配合,寻求更准确的诊断结果。
July 29, 2023
- Kaunitz AM. Abnormal uterine bleeding in nonpregnant reproductive-age patients: Terminology, evaluation, and approach to diagnosis. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
- Kaunitz AM. Causes of female genital tract bleeding. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
- Zacur HA. Managing an episode of acute uterine bleeding. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
- AskMayoExpert. Abnormal uterine bleeding: Premenopausal women (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2022.
- AskMayoExpert. Postmenopausal bleeding. Mayo Clinic; 2022.
- Kliegman RM, et al. Gynecologic history and physical examination. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
- Your menstrual cycle. Office on Women's Health. https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/your-menstrual-cycle. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
- Goodman A. Approach to the patient with postmenopausal uterine bleeding. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
- Gonorrhea: Basic fact sheet. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/stdfact-gonorrhea.htm. Accessed Jan. 25, 2023.
- FAQs: Early pregnancy loss. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/early-pregnancy-loss. Accessed Jan. 25, 2023.
- FAQs: Abnormal uterine bleeding. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/abnormal-uterine-bleeding. Accessed Jan. 31, 2023.