怀孕期间阴道出血有多种原因。有些严重,很多不严重。
孕早期
孕早期阴道出血的可能原因包括:
- 异位妊娠 (其中受精卵在子宫外着床生长,例如在输卵管内着床)
- 着床出血 (大约在受孕后 10 至 14 天、受精卵在子宫内膜着床时发生)
- 流产 (在孕 20 周前自然流产)
- 葡萄胎 (一种罕见情况,异常受精卵发育成异常组织而不是胎儿)
- 宫颈问题如宫颈感染、宫颈发炎或宫颈增生
孕早期或孕中期
孕中期或孕晚期阴道出血的可能原因包括:
- 宫颈机能不全 (宫颈口提前开张,可能导致早产)
- 流产 (在怀孕第 20 周前)或宫内胎死
- 胎盘早剥 (向婴儿提供营养和氧气的胎盘与子宫壁分离时)
- 前置胎盘 (当胎盘覆盖宫颈,导致孕期重度出血时)
- 未足月分娩 (这可能导致轻微出血,尤其伴有宫缩、后背隐痛或盆腔压迫时)
- 宫颈问题如宫颈感染、宫颈发炎或宫颈增生
- 子宫破裂是一种罕见但会危及生命的情况,子宫沿着先前剖腹产所致的疤痕线撕裂开
接近妊娠期结束时阴道正常出血
接近妊娠期结束时轻微出血,常混有黏液,可能是即将临产的体征。这种阴道分泌物呈粉红色或血色,称为落红。
下面列出了与该症状有关的常见病因。请与您的医生或其他医疗中心的专家配合,寻求更准确的诊断结果。
Jan. 20, 2022
- Norwitz ER, et al. Overview of the etiology and evaluation of vaginal bleeding in pregnant women. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Nov. 14, 2019.
- Frequently asked questions. Pregnancy FAQ038. Bleeding during pregnancy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. http://www.acog.org/~/media/For%20Patients/faq038.pdf?dmc=1&ts=20131107T1529588773. Accessed Nov. 14, 2019.
- Gabbe SG, et al. Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2017. http://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Nov. 14, 2019.
- Chestnut DH, et al. Antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage. In: Chestnut's Obstetric Anesthesia: Principles and Practice. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2020. http://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Nov. 14, 2019.
- Ferri FF. Molar pregnancy. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2020. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Nov. 14, 2019.
- AskMayoExpert. Vaginal bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy. Mayo Clinic; 2017.
- Wick MJ, ed. Symptoms guide. In: Mayo Clinic Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy. 2nd ed. Mayo Clinic; 2018.
- Butler Tobah Y (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Nov. 19, 2019