概述
概述
1 型糖尿病是一种慢性病,曾被称为青少年糖尿病或胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。这类糖尿病患者的胰腺不产生胰岛素或产生的胰岛素很少。胰岛素是一种激素,身体利用它让糖(葡萄糖)进入细胞产生能量。
遗传和某些病毒等不同因素都可能会导致 1 型糖尿病。虽然 1 型糖尿病通常出现在儿童或青少年时期,但成人也可能患上这种疾病。
尽管进行了大量研究,但 1 型糖尿病尚无治愈方法。治疗的方向是通过胰岛素、饮食和生活方式来控制血液中的糖量,以防止并发症。
症状
症状
1 型糖尿病的症状可能突然出现,包括:
- 感觉比平时更口渴
- 大量排尿
- 从不在夜里尿床的儿童尿床
- 感觉非常饥饿
- 体重意外下降
- 感觉易怒或有其他情绪变化
- 感觉疲惫和虚弱
- 视力模糊
症状
如果您或您的孩子出现上述任何症状,请咨询医务人员。
病因
病因
1 型糖尿病的确切病因尚不明确。通常而言,自身免疫系统(常与有害的细菌和病毒作斗争)会破坏胰腺中产生胰岛素(胰岛)的细胞。其他可能的原因包括:
病因
一旦大量胰岛细胞遭到破坏,身体将产生少量或不产生胰岛素。胰岛素是由胃后下方的腺体(胰腺)分泌的激素。
- 胰腺将胰岛素注入血流。
- 胰岛素流过身体,允许糖进入细胞。
- 胰岛素会降低血液中的糖分。
- 随着血糖水平下降,胰腺向血流中注入的胰岛素减少。
病因
葡萄糖这种糖是组成肌肉和其他组织的细胞的主要能量来源。
- 葡萄糖有两大主要来源:食物和肝脏。
- 糖被吸收后进入血流,在胰岛素的帮助下进入细胞。
- 肝脏以糖原的形式储存葡萄糖。
- 如果您因一段时间未进食等原因而导致葡萄糖水平低,肝脏会将储存的糖原分解为葡萄糖,确保您的葡萄糖水平维持在正常范围。
出现 1 型糖尿病时,由于胰岛素缺乏,葡萄糖无法进入细胞,因此糖在血流中堆积。这可能导致危及生命的并发症。
风险因素
风险因素
可能增加 1 型糖尿病风险的一些因素包括:
- 家族史。父母或兄弟姐妹患有 1 型糖尿病的人出现此医学状况的风险会略高。
- 遗传因素。具有某些基因会增加患 1 型糖尿病的风险。
- 地理因素。离赤道越远,1 型糖尿病的发病率越高。
- 年龄因素。1 型糖尿病可能在任何年龄出现,但有两个明显的高峰期。第一个高峰期是 4 到 7 岁的儿童。第二个高峰期是 10 到 14 岁的儿童。
并发症
并发症
随着时间的推移,1 型糖尿病并发症可能会影响身体的主要器官。这些器官包括心脏、血管、神经、眼睛和肾脏。保持正常的血糖水平可以降低许多并发症的风险。
糖尿病并发症可能会导致残疾,甚至危及生命。
预防
预防
目前尚无预防 1 型糖尿病的方法。但研究人员正致力于预防这种疾病,或防止新确诊患者的胰岛细胞受到进一步损伤。
您可以向医务人员咨询您是否有资格参与其中一项临床试验,但需要谨慎权衡试验中任何可用治疗的风险和益处。
March 27, 2024
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