概述
三尖瓣反流
三尖瓣反流
三尖瓣反流(如右侧心脏所示)是指两个右心腔(右心室和右心房)之间的瓣膜不能正常闭合的情况。这会导致血液回流进入右心房。左图所示为典型的心脏。
三尖瓣反流是是一种心脏瓣膜病,指两个右心腔(右心室和右心房)之间的瓣膜不能正确闭合。这会导致血液回流进入右上腔室(右心房)。
有人可能生来就患有三尖瓣反流(先天性心脏病)。有时,三尖瓣反流是由其他健康问题引起的瓣膜问题所致。
轻度三尖瓣反流不会引起症状,或无需治疗。如果病情严重并引起体征和症状,可能需要药物或手术治疗。
症状
在病情严重之前,三尖瓣反流往往不会引起体征或症状。可能会在因其他原因进行检查时发现该病。
三尖瓣反流的体征和症状可能包括:
- 疲劳
- 心律不齐(心律失常)
- 颈部跳动
- 活动性气短
- 腹部、腿部或颈部静脉肿胀
何时就诊
如果您在活动后容易感到疲劳或气短,请与医务人员约诊。医务人员可能会将您转诊给在心脏病方面训练有素的医生(心脏科医生)。
病因
心腔和瓣膜
心腔和瓣膜
正常心脏有两个上心腔和两个下心腔。上心腔(即右心房和左心房)用于接收输入的血液。下心腔(即肌肉更多的左右心室)用于将血液泵出心脏。心脏瓣膜使血液流向正确方向,是心腔开口的闸门。
要了解导致三尖瓣反流的原因,了解心脏和心脏瓣膜通常的工作方式可能会有帮助。
正常心脏有四个腔室。两个上心腔(心房)接收血液。两个下心腔(心室)泵送血液。四片瓣膜通过开合确保血液的流动方向正确。这四片心脏瓣膜分别是:
风险因素
一些因素会增加三尖瓣反流的风险,包括:
- 先天性心脏缺陷,例如三尖瓣下移畸形
- 心脏病发作
- 心力衰竭
- 血压高(高血压)
- 肺部高血压(肺动脉高压)
- 影响心脏的感染,例如风湿热和感染性心内膜炎
- 曾经接受过胸部放射
- 曾使用某些用于治疗帕金森病和偏头痛的兴奋剂和药物
- 心肌衰弱(心肌病)
并发症
三尖瓣反流的潜在并发症可能包括:
- 房颤(A-fib)。部分患有严重三尖瓣反流的患者也可能出现 A-fib,这是一种常见的心律失常。
- 心力衰竭。严重的三尖瓣反流可能导致右下腔(心室)压力升高。右心室会随着时间而增大、功能减弱,最终导致心力衰竭。
March 12, 2024
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