概述
概述
周围神经将信息从大脑和脊髓发送至身体其余部位。它们有助于执行感知脚部是否寒冷,以及移动肌肉以便行走等任务。周围神经由被周围组织隔开的纤维(称为轴突)组成,
不仅脆弱,而且容易受到损伤。神经损伤可影响大脑与肌肉和器官沟通的能力。对周围神经的损伤称为周围神经病。
尽快对周围神经损伤进行医学治疗很重要。早期诊断和治疗可以预防并发症和永久性损伤。
症状
症状
周围神经损伤时,您可能出现一些症状,从轻微至严重限制您的日常活动不等。症状通常决于哪些神经纤维受损:
- 运动神经。这些神经负责在您的意识控制下调节所有肌肉,例如用于行走、交谈或者握住物品的肌肉。这些神经损伤一般伴随肌无力、痛性痉挛和不受控制的肌肉抽搐。
- 感觉神经。因为这些神经负责传递触觉、温度和疼痛信息,所以您可能会出现各种症状。包括手脚麻木或刺痛。您可能难以感觉到疼痛或温度变化、难以步行、闭上眼睛时难以保持自身平衡或者难以扣上扣子。
- 自主神经。这组神经负责调节不受意识控制的活动,例如呼吸系统、心脏和甲状腺功能及消化食物。症状可能包括出汗过多、血压变化、不能耐热和胃肠道症状。
您可能出现各种症状,原因是许多周围神经损伤影响不止一种类型的神经纤维。
症状
如果您感到四肢无力、刺痛、麻木或完全失去知觉,请去医务人员处就诊以查明原因。周围神经损伤务必要及早治疗。
病因
病因
周围神经可由于多种方式受损:
- 事故、跌倒或运动造成的损伤,这可能会拉伸、压迫、挤压或割伤神经
- 医疗状况,例如糖尿病、吉兰-巴雷综合征和腕管综合征
- 自身免疫性疾病,包括狼疮、类风湿关节炎和干燥综合征
其他病因包括动脉狭窄、激素失衡和肿瘤。
风险因素
March 30, 2024
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