Clinical Trials

Inclusion Criteria:

• Written informed consent obtained from participant.
• Confirmed diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) according to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) 2017 Consensus Guidelines. 
• History of chronic pulmonary infection with M. avium complex (MAC) or M. abscessus complex (MABSC) (defined as at least three positive NTM cultures (sputum or BAL for the same species (MAC) or subspecies (MABSC) within the past 2 years, with at least one positive within the past 6 months and a minimum of 50% of NTM cultures positive over the past 2 years) that does not demonstrate response to current treatment course based on decreasing NTM burden or frequency of positive cultures, and in the opinion of the Investigator is unlikely to resolve with current treatment course.
• Subject fulfills one of the following criteria:
  • Subject currently on a multidrug NTM guideline-based antimycobacterial regimen, which has been ongoing for at least 9 months prior to the Baseline visit;
  • Subject who has stopped a multidrug NTM guideline-based antimycobacterial regimen at least 28 days prior to Screening due to lack of response or intolerance;
  • Subjects with chronic NTM infection not meeting recommendations for treatment with a multidrug NTM guideline-based antimycobacterial regimen based on failure to meet ATS/IDSA criteria for NTM pulmonary disease (i.e., absence of radiologic findings and clinical symptoms beyond what is expected from underlying CF).
• Ability to produce sputum or be willing to undergo an induction protocol that produces sputum for clinical evaluation. 
• An additional sputum culture, which is positive for the same species (MAC) or subspecies (MABSC) of NTM as before the trial within 10 weeks of Baseline. 
• CF which in the Investigator's opinion is clinically stable and not expected to require lung transplantation within the next year. 
• FEV1 ≥ 30% of predicted that is normal for age, gender, race, and height, using the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) equation. 
• Subjects who are co-infected with a respiratory pathogen, e.g. P. aeruginosa or S. aureus, must either be stable on a regular suppression antibiotic regimen or must be, in the opinion of the Investigator, stable despite the lack of such treatment. 
• Female or male ≥ 18 years of age. 
• If female, subjects who have been post-menopausal for more than 1 year or females of childbearing potential after a confirmed menstrual period using a highly efficient method of contraception (i.e. a method with less than 1% failure rate) during and until 30 days after last dose of trial treatment, having a negative serum pregnancy test at Screening (Visit 1) and a negative urine pregnancy test at dosing at Baseline (Visit 2) and must not be lactating. For purposes of this study, the Sponsor defines "acceptable methods of contraception" as: 
• Oral birth control pills administered for at least 1 monthly cycle prior to administration of the study drug. 
  • A synthetic progestin implanted rod (eg, Implanon®) for at least 1 monthly cycle prior to the study drug administration but not beyond the 4th successive year following insertion;
  • Intrauterine devices (IUDs), inserted by a qualified clinician for at least 1 monthly cycle prior to study drug administration;
  • Medroxyprogesterone acetate (eg, Depo-Provera®) administered for a minimum of 1 monthly cycle prior to administration of the study drug and continuing through 1 month following study completion;
  • Hysterectomy or surgical sterilization;
  • Abstinence.
• Double barrier method (diaphragm with spermicidal gel or condoms with contraceptive foam) is not considered an acceptable form of contraception.
  • NOTE: For subjects prescribed Orkambi: Orkambi may substantially decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing the effectiveness and increasing the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions. Hormonal contraceptives, including oral, injectable, transdermal, and implantable, should not be relied upon as an effective method of contraception when co-administered with Orkambi. 
• If male, subjects who, if sexually active of reproductive potential and non-sterile (i.e., male who has not been sterilized by vasectomy for at least 6 months and not diagnosed with infertility through demonstration of azoospermia in a semen sample and/or absence of vas deferens through ultrasound) are willing to use a barrier method of contraception, or their female partner must use an acceptable method of contraception, during the study and until 30 days after last dose of medication. 
• Willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests, and other trial procedures specified in the protocol as judged by the Investigator.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Use of non-maintenance antibiotic for a concurrent pulmonary or extrapulmonary infection within 28 days prior to the Baseline visit. 
• Use of a maintenance antibiotic regimen containing azithromycin for a concurrent non-NTM pulmonary infection within 28 days prior to the Baseline visit. For subjects in Group 1, azithromycin is allowed if part of ongoing multidrug NTM guideline-based antimycobacterial regimen. 
• Prior therapy with inhaled or systemic granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). 
• Subjects with hemoptysis of ≥60 mL in a 24-hour period within 4 weeks prior to Screening. 
• Life expectancy of less than 6 months according to Investigator's judgement. 
• History of, or present, myeloproliferative disease, leukemia or other hematological malignancy. 
• Active pulmonary malignancy (primary or metastatic); or any malignancy requiring chemotherapy or radiation therapy within 1 year prior to Screening or anticipated during the study period. 
• Active allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis or connective tissue disease, inflammatory bowel disease or other autoimmune disorder requiring therapy associated with significant immunosuppression, such as systemic corticosteroids at a dose equivalent of 10 mg/day or more of prednisolone, within 3 months prior to Screening or anticipated during the study period. 
• Changes in antimicrobial, bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory or corticosteroid medications, or changes in Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) modulators, within 28 days prior to the Baseline visit. 
• Pulmonary tuberculosis requiring treatment or treated within 2 years prior to Screening. 
• History of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or other disease associated with significant immunodeficiency. 
• History of lung or other solid organ transplantation or currently on the list to receive lung or other solid organ transplantation. 
• History of congestive heart failure (CHF) New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or greater in severity. 
• History of cardiovascular ischemic event within 6 months of Baseline. 
• Any change in chronic NTM multi-drug antimycobacterial regimen within 28 days prior to Screening. 
• Treatment with any investigational medicinal product within 3 months of Screening. 
• Previous experience of severe and unexplained side-effects during aerosol delivery of any kind of medicinal product. 
• Any other condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would preclude informed consent or assent, make study participation unsafe, complicate interpretation of study outcome data, or otherwise interfere with achieving the study objectives.