Clinical Trials

Inclusion Criteria:

• Consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 years old.
• Suspected cardiac dyspnea.
• Scheduled to undergo right heart catheterization as dictated by a comprehensive examination.
•  Echocardiography will be included for enrollment.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age < 18 years old.
• Pregnancy.
• Mechanical ventilation.
• Acute or chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min or requiring renal replacement therapy).
• Inability to perform MRI (i.e., claustrophobia, severe obesity (>150 kg), device incompatible with MRI).
• Inability to exercise.
• Significant arrhythmia that precludes adequate ECG-gating for the MRI (i.e., atrial fibrillation with highly variable cycle lengths).
• Prior heart or lung transplantation.
• Left ventricular systolic (ejection fraction < 50%) or diastolic failure (based on Framingham criteria for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction).
• Significant left-sided valvular disease (≥ moderate aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation) or prior valve surgery.