Clinical Trials

Inclusion Criteria:

• Parents of children who are scheduled to receive general anesthesia for elective procedures more than 1 week from the date of review will be contacted by study personnel for recruitment and written informed consent obtained. 
• Age 2.5 to 6 at date of recruitment.
• Scheduled to receive general anesthesia for non-cardiac procedures.
• Reside within 50 miles of the city of Rochester.

Exclusion Criteria:  

• Preexisting diagnosis of severe developmental delay or neurological impairments.
• Procedures that may significantly affect the function of brain such as brain resection or radiation. 
• Anticipated hospitalization > 1 week.
• Children who have injury or surgery to hands that make fine motor testing impossible.
• Children whose parents do not speak English.