Clinical Trials

Inclusion criteria:

Bipolar disorder group

• Age 25-60 years
• Male/female
• Any race/ethnicity
• Diagnosis of BD confirmed by mini international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I)

Major depressive disorder group

• Diagnosis of MDD confirmed by mini international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I)

Non-mood psychiatric disorder control group

• Diagnosis of psychiatric disorder confirmed by mini international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I)

Healthy control group

Exclusion criteria

General

• Inability to speak English
• Inability or lack of willingness to provide informed consent
• Unstable medical condition
• Pregnancy
• BMI > 35
• History of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction, stable/unstable angina, coronary or other arterial revascularization, stroke/ transient ischemic attack and peripheral artery disease.
• Family history of premature cardiovascular disease in first degree relatives (age less than 55 years for males and 65 years for females).
• Diabetes mellitus type I and II
• Hypertension out of control
• LDL-cholesterol > 190
• Active infection such as HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C
• Inflammatory disease including inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematous and rheumatoid arthritis
• Nephrotic or nephritic syndrome or patients with renal diseases that are undergoing dialysis
• Receiving statins, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory (not including NSAIDs) or immunosuppressive drugs

Group Specified

• Psychiatric disorder other than BD as primary diagnosis
• Active mania
• Psychiatric disorder other than MDD as primary diagnosis
• Active psychosis and/or suicidal ideation
• Presence of BD or MDD as assessed M.I.N.I
• Active psychosis and/or suicidal ideation
• Presence of BD or MDD as assessed by M.I.N.I
• Family history of BD in first degree relative