Clinical Trials

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy subjects (fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dL, two-hour glucose during the 75-g OGTT <140 mg/dL, and A1C <5.7%)
• Non-smokers and non-obese (BMI£28),
• Males/females (18-45 years old).
• Candidates will be free of systemic diseases and conditions known to affect vascular or endothelial function (i.e. hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, coronary artery disease, cancer, inflammatory disease, or smoking).
• T1DM patients will be non-smoker, free of complications (such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, coronary heart disease, and hypertension).

Exclusion Criteria: 

• Candidates will be considered ineligible if they have active infection, trauma, or exposure to any invasive
• medical procedures within 2 weeks before collecting blood.
• The subjects who have medications including “over-the-counter” medications within 2 weeks before collecting blood, will also be excluded (diabetic subjects
• will be treated with prescribed medications only).
• Subjects will be asked to refrain from caffeine on the day of the study visit and also refrain from alcohol use on the day before the study visit and the day of the visit. 
• Subjects will also be asked to fast for 8 hours before they come in for the blood draw.
• All female subjects must
• have a negative pregnancy test in order to participate in the study. 
• Subjects who are breast-feeding will be excluded.