什么是超级细菌?我该如何自我保护避免感染?
回答 Pritish K. Tosh, M.D.
超级细菌是对大多数通常用于治疗其所引起感染的抗生素和其他药物有抗药性的细菌、病毒、寄生菌和真菌菌株。超级细菌包括可引起肺炎、尿路感染和皮肤感染的抗药菌。
抗药性(耐药性)是一种自然发生的现象,可以延缓但不可避免。随着时间推移,细菌、病菌、寄生菌和真菌等微生物逐渐会适应旨在杀死它们的药物,并发生变化以确保自身生存。这使得之前针对一些感染的标准治疗方案效力降低,有时变得无效。研究人员一直致力于评估这些微生物如何产生抗药性。他们还在研究如何诊断、治疗和预防耐药性。
一些行为可能会促使耐药性微生物的出现和扩散,例如:
- 使用或滥用抗生素
- 感染的预防和控制措施不力
- 在不洁净的环境中生活或工作
- 食物处理不当
以下措施可预防有害微生物并降低疾病风险:
- 经常使用肥皂和清水洗手,或者使用含酒精的洗手液
- 正确处理食物,例如将生食和熟食分开、彻底烹调食物和使用清洁水
- 避免密切接触患病者
- 确保及时接种疫苗
您也可以通过以下方式应对抗生素耐药性:
- 遵照医嘱并仅在必要时使用抗生素
- 即使您感到好转,也请完成整个疗程
- 不与他人共用抗生素
- 不使用剩余的处方药
With
Pritish K. Tosh, M.D.
显示参考文献
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March 22, 2022Original article: https://kcms-test-mcedu.mayo.edu/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/superbugs/faq-20129283