血压是否有日常模式?我注意到,早上时的血压总是比晚上低。
回答 Francisco Lopez-Jimenez 博士
每日血压有特定规律。
通常在醒来前几小时,血压会开始上升。白天,血压继续上升,通常于中午达到顶峰。血压通常在傍晚和晚上逐步下降。晚上睡觉时的血压通常较低。夜间测量的血压称为夜间血压。
血压模式不规律的示例包括:
- 夜间高血压
- 清晨高血压
- 血压在一整晚下降不到 10%(非杓型血压)
夜间至清晨血压升高与心脏病风险增加有关。
血压模式不规律也可能意味着您存在:
- 高血压控制不佳
- 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停
- 肾脏疾病
- 糖尿病
- 甲状腺疾病
- 神经系统疾病
不良饮食、缺乏运动和某些生活方式因素可能会影响血压模式,包括:
- 上晚班
- 抽烟
- 超重或肥胖症
- 压力和焦虑
- 未按指示服用血压或睡眠呼吸暂停药物,或治疗无效
您的医务人员会向您告知日常血压模式不规律是否需要治疗。有时,一个人的血压仅会在见医务人员时升高。这称为白大褂高血压。
可安排 24 小时血压监测检查,在 24 小时内定期测量血压。这项检查称为动态血压监测,就血压在一日内的变化情况提供详细数据。
With
Francisco Lopez-Jimenez 博士
显示参考文献
- Townsend RR, et al. Out-of-office blood pressure measurement: Ambulatory and self-measured blood pressure monitoring. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed March 31, 2021.
- Chokesuwattanasku A, et al. Impact of circadian blood pressure pattern on silent cerebral small vessel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020; doi:10.1161/JAHA.119.016299.
- Dadlani A, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in clinical practice. Indian Heart Journal. 2019; doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2018.11.015.
- Jaeger BC, et al. Development of predictive equations for nocturnal hypertension and nondipping systolic blood pressure. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020; doi:10.1161/JAHA.119.013696.
- Yang WY, et al. Association of office and ambulatory blood pressure with mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. JAMA. 2019; doi:10.1001/jama.2019.9811.
- Smolensky MH, et al. Circadian mechanisms of 24-hour blood pressure regulation and patterning. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2017; doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.02.003.
- Patterson PD, et al. Impact of shift work on blood pressure among emergency medical services clinicians and related shift workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Health. 2020; doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.03.006.
- Lopez-Jimenez F (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. April 16, 2021.
Dec. 15, 2022Original article: https://kcms-test-mcedu.mayo.edu/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/faq-20058115