COVID-19 的异常症状有哪些？
回答 Daniel C. DeSimone, M.D.
2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）可引起多种体征和症状。最常见的症状包括发热、咳嗽和疲倦。
其他症状包括：
- 气短或呼吸困难
- 肌肉酸痛
- 寒战
- 咽喉疼痛
- 流鼻涕
- 头痛
- 胸部疼痛
但 COVID-19 也可能会引起非预期症状，包括：
- 消化系统症状。COVID-19 可能会导致恶心、呕吐或腹泻，这些症状可能单独出现，也可能伴有其他 COVID-19 症状。消化系统症状有时会先于发热和呼吸道症状出现。
- 嗅觉或味觉丧失。新发嗅觉或味觉丧失（不伴鼻塞）是 COVID-19 常见早期症状之一。研究表明，大多数嗅觉和味觉变化通常会在 30 天内消退。然而，在部分患者中，中至重度嗅觉和味觉变化可能持续 60 天或更长时间。
皮肤变化。与轻度至重度 COVID-19 相关的最常见皮肤变化包括覆盖有小肿块的扁平皮疹、手指和脚趾上出现变色区域（COVID 脚趾）和荨麻疹。
COVID 脚趾在儿童和青年中更为常见。一个或多个脚趾或手指可能出现肿胀或变色。手部、腕部或脚踝也可能受到影响。可能出现水疱、瘙痒、皮肤粗糙或疼痛的肿块。皮下可能会产生少量脓液。症状可能会持续 10 至 14 天或几个月。
然而，手指或脚趾肿胀变色也可能是冻疮这种炎性皮肤状况的表现。若反复暴露于冷空气中，可能会出现冻疮。
- 意识模糊。在老年人中，严重意识混乱（谵妄）可能是主要或唯一的 COVID-19 症状。该 COVID-19 症状与不良结果（包括死亡）的高风险相关。
- 眼睛问题。红眼病（结膜炎）可能是 COVID-19 症状。研究表明，与 COVID-19 有关的最常见眼睛问题是对光敏感、眼睛疼痛和眼睛发痒。
COVID-19 的体征和症状可能会在接触病毒后 2 到 14 天出现。其严重程度从轻度到重度不等。如果您认为自己可能出现了 COVID-19 的症状，请联系医务人员。
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Daniel C. DeSimone, M.D.
显示参考文献
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Original article: https://kcms-test-mcedu.mayo.edu/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/expert-answers/coronavirus-unusual-symptoms/faq-20487367